FOUS30 KWBC 030033 QPFERD Excessive Rainfall Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 833 PM EDT Fri Oct 2 2026 Day 1 Valid 01Z Sat Oct 03 2026 - 12Z Sat Oct 03 2026 ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF CENTRAL TEXAS... 01Z Update... Few changes needed with this outlook. The potential for excessive rainfall remains greatest within a plume of deeper moisture extending from southwest to northeast. Concern is not so much about additional blockbuster amounts but where additional rainfall overlaps with hydrologically sensitive areas. Probabilities from the HREF and the RRFS both indicate some potential across the central portion of the state for one hour rainfall amounts in excess of 0.50 inches where the corresponding flash flood guidance was low. Maintained the Slight Risk area there. Also maintained the Marginal Risk area extending into the Mid-South where the HREF/RRFS and several cams suggest an uptick in rates later tonight. It should be noted that rainfall rates have not materialized in this area that were advertised by the same guidance. Bann 16z Update: The latest changes to the Excessive Rainfall Outlook included trimming the Slight Risk out of southern Oklahoma to account for lower rainfall rates currently over the region and the latest model guidance indicating small probabilities for exceeding flash flood guidance and 24 hr QPF 2 inch probabilities. The higher end Slight Risk ERO outlook across central and southern Texas looks to remain on track. A moist environment with low level convergence nearby a front in the region has allowed for slowly propagating, efficient rain producing showers and thunderstorms to persist near Dallas to the Rio Grande region. In particular, the I-35 corridor near Dallas-Fort Worth to San Antonio will remain a focal point for flash flooding as a couple of additional inches of rain has fallen this morning over areas with flash flood guidance less than half an inch per hour. An additional rainfall of 1-3 inches is possible today over this region. Other changes to the forecast included trimming eastern and northern portions of the Tennessee and Ohio Valley Marginal Risk where rainfall generally remains stratiform primarily from lower instability across the region. Across the Gulf Coast, the Marginal Risk was expanded eastward across the I-10 corridor to encompass the Jacksonville metro on account of model guidance showing 2-3+ inches of rainfall in thunderstorms that form in a tropical air mass with the addition of diurnal heating. Wilder ...Previous Discussion... ..Texas.. An expansive front is in place from Mexico through Texas and into the Midwest to the Northeast this morning. The southern end of the front draped across Texas and Oklahoma will become a slow-moving warm front, gradually drifting northwestward through the day. Southeast of the front, southeasterly flow of very moist, tropical air will run into the front. Northwest of the front, northeasterly flow down the front will keep conditions much drier and more stable. This clash of air masses will keep the front, and act as a potent forcing mechanism for showers and thunderstorms. 2-4 inches of rain fell along the I-35 corridor yesterday. The return of the front will drop an additional 1-3 inches along much of the I-35 corridor today. Between the urban centers from San Antonio, Austin, and up to the Metroplex, and very saturated soils in those cities and everywhere in between, the additional rain is likely to cause additional instances of flash flooding. Instability will fortunately be limited, which should prevent any storms from producing high instantaneous rates of rainfall. However, the slow- moving front will still allow the storms to train along it. A small higher-end Slight was issued from Austin through the Metroplex, to account for urban concerns mostly. The inherited Slight risk was expanded northeastward to include the southeast corner of Oklahoma, which picked up 1-3 inches of rain yesterday. Topography in that area against the Ozarks could lead to locally higher totals in this flood-prone area. Along the Gulf Coast, the inherited Marginal was shifted west, away from the Big Bend of Florida, which is difficult to flood, and including the New Orleans and Baton Rouge metros, which are flood- prone. Guidance suggests most of the heaviest rainfall will remain offshore, but enough activity may affect the immediate coast to begin moistening up the soils today. Wegman Day 2 Valid 12Z Sat Oct 03 2026 - 12Z Sun Oct 04 2026 ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL GULF COAST AND SOUTHERN COASTAL TEXAS... ..20z Update.. Southern Coastal Texas: A Slight Risk ERO was introduced across southern coastal Texas from areas north of Corpus Christi southwards to Brownsville. Synoptically, a slow moving frontal boundary will be present across the region and focus surface convergence to enhance thunderstorm coverage. Moreover, a mid-level wave traversing the Gulf will increase moisture transport and frictional convergence along the southern Texas coastline that may produce locally heavy precipitation. Some of the precipitation could overlap with areas that have received heavy rainfall over the past few days and have saturated soils, which was also taken into consideration for the introduction of a Slight Risk. Overall, QPF amounts of 2-4 inches are reasonable, particularly close to the coast line and locally higher amounts may be realized as indicated by the latest HREF 24 hr QPF 50-70% probabilities of exceeding 5 inches. Central Gulf Coast: No major changes were made to the forecast expectation of tropical moisture to surge into the central Gulf Coast and result in locally heavy rainfall and scattered instances of flash flooding. A mid-level wave moving northward across the Gulf will increase moisture transport from coastal Louisiana to the Florida Panhandle and advect anomalously high PWATS over 2.5 inches that will fuel tropical rains. The latest QPF forecast has 3-5 inches with localized maximum of 5-7 inches for the 24 hour period on Saturday with a tight gradient of the highest QPF along and south of I-10. Flash flooding impacts will be greater near the coastline and mainly realized over locations that see the higher end rainfall totals. In terms of changes, the Slight Risk was trimmed closer to the central Gulf Coast coastline and the Slight Risk was removed from the eastern Texas coastline as models showed the highest QPF remaining offshore. Carolinas: An approaching cold front and a surge of PWATS above 2 inches will focus a swath of heavier precipitation across South Carolina into eastern North Carolina. The forecast calls for an average of 2-3 inches of rain with a maxima of 3-5 inches possible as indicated by CAMS. The greatest confidence for the higher QPF amounts are over southeastern North Carolina where there are 50-70% probabilities for 24 hr QPF exceeding 5 inches. However, these same areas are exceptionally dry and have 3 hour flash flood guidance exceedance values nearing 5 inches. Instability is also forecast to be around 1000 J/Kg or less in the Carolinas, which will also limit the coverage of 2+ inch hourly rainfall rates. All said, this a higher end Marginal Risk with some scattered instances of flash flooding possible, but the underlying hydrology of the area precluded a Slight Risk at the time. Wilder ...Previous Discussion... Broad southerly flow off the Gulf will pump increasing amounts of deep tropical moisture northward into the central Gulf Coast on Saturday. PWATs will continue to climb from previous days, likely exceeding 2.5 inches across portions of the central Gulf coast. Extensive cloud cover due to the extreme amounts of atmospheric moisture and the early October sun should generally limit instability except along the immediate coast, where the greatest threat lies. Due to numerous urban areas along the coast, the Slight was largely maintained. While it's uncertain which areas will see the most rainfall, everywhere from Houston through Pensacola have some threat for prolonged heavy rainfall on Saturday. The Slight was expanded west to include the Houston metro, in coordination with HGX/Houston, TX forecast office. Even there the greatest threats will be along the coast, with the lower threats north and west of Houston. A similar scenario is in place for New Orleans, Biloxi, Mobile, and Pensacola. For those latter cities, their locations along the coast will make them more prone to potential heavy rainfall Saturday afternoon. The Slight risk balances the second consecutive day of heavy rain and urban threats with very high amounts of available moisture against prior dry soils and very high FFGs due to sandy and flat, swampy areas that are highly flood-resistant. Across the Carolinas, a slow southward-moving cold front will run into the same highly moist air mass. There will likely be an area of enhanced rainfall, generally stretching from 50 miles or so on either side of the NC/SC border. Very dry soils going in should generally preclude all but isolated flash flooding outside of any urban areas, such as Charlotte and Greenville/Spartanburg. A lack of instability will also prevent much heavy rain from occurring, in favor of a long-duration light to moderate rainfall event. Wegman Day 3 Valid 12Z Sun Oct 04 2026 - 12Z Mon Oct 05 2026 ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHEAST AND ALONG THE SOUTHERN TEXAS COASTLINE ... ..20z Update.. Coastal Southern Texas: A Slight Risk of Excessive Rainfall was introduced for day 3, Sunday, across south coastal Texas. The Slight Risk is confined within Brownsville's CWA. Similarly to the day 2 period, a mid-level trough will be slowly traversing the northern Gulf, which will provide enhanced northeasterly flow and accompanied moisture transport off the Gulf into coastal zones. There is also a lingering stationary/coastal front progged near coastal Texas that will only further concentrate locally heavy showers and thunderstorms with an over-running pattern (isentropic lift). QPF totals of 3-4 inches close to the coastline are in rather good agreement in regards to the official WPC,NBM, and ensemble QPF. This rainfall will be on top of potentially heavy rainfall from the day 2 period, leading to increased chances of localized flash flooding. Southeast: The Slight Risk ERO across the Southeast remains on track as of this afternoon. An area of disturbed weather in the Gulf will begin to trek inland across the Southeast and bring locally heavy rainfall to northern Florida, portions of southern and central Alabama and Georgia, and northeast into the Carolinas. A cold front dropping down into the Southeast will also interact with northward streaming tropical moisture to enhance higher rainfall totals around 2-3 inches. This QPF will overlap with Saturday's rainfall to produce 2 day totals of 3-5 inches from central Alabama to the Carolinas. Saturated soils will increase the chances for scattered instances of flash flooding on Sunday across the Southeast. The same logic applies along the northern Gulf Coast from Louisiana to the Florida Panhandle where compounding rainfall totals of 4-8 inches, locally as high as 10, from Saturday and Sunday may enhance flooding potential. The greatest impacts from flash flooding remain likely closer to the Gulf Coast and northwards to central Alabama, Georgia, and the coastal Carolinas. Model guidance also showed a southward shift of the heaviest QPF and instability overlap. Therfore,the Slight Risk was trimmed out of the northern portions of these states and across the upper Tennessee Valley. Wilder ...Previous Discussion... A progressive cold front pushing southeast from the Ohio Valley will run into an extremely moisture-rich air mass that will start the day entrenched across much of the Southeast. The result between the strong forcing of the front and a highly moist air mass will be large areas of heavy rain across much of the Southeast on Sunday. As on previous days, instability will still work to temper rainfall rates in any individual storms, but due to the ample moisture in place, a longer duration rain is expected as the storms ride northeastward along the front. Numerous urban areas from Atlanta, Charlotte, Birmingham, and New Orleans may all be impacted by heavy rain on Sunday. With Saturday likely having moistened up most of the soils across the Southeast, the heavier rain totals expected on Sunday are likely to cause widely scattered instances of flash flooding over much of the Southeast, especially in the southern Appalachians, urban areas, and other flood-prone low-lying areas. For these reasons, the Slight Risk was expanded greatly across much of the Southeast, to include all of Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. While localized areas with higher risks are possible, those will be largely dependent on the rainfall footprints of prior days, so due to uncertainty, the highest threat level will remain at a Slight for this update. On the northern end, to include the DMV, a lack of instability may preclude the rates or duration of rainfall needed to cause isolated flash flooding. With some uncertainty as to where the front will be on Sunday, the area is in a low-confidence Marginal, which will likely be trimmed southward with time. Wegman Day 4 and Day 5 Valid 12Z Mon Oct 05 2026 - 12Z Wed Oct 07 2026 ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER THE LOWER TEXAS COAST AND PARTS OF THE SOUTHEAST.. 2030Z Update...The pattern is much more quiet than the days leading into the period with a cold front over part of the Southeast US and Gulf coast region providing the focus for any excessive rainfall potential. Did expand the northern boundary of the Marginal on Day 4 in the Southeast a bit in deference to the the placement of the highest QPF contours of both the EC ECens and GEFS. No changes of note were made to Day 5. Bann Previous Excessive Rainfall Discussion... For Day 4 (12Z Mon-12Z Tue) -- Continued the Marginal Risk over the Lower TX Coast inherited from yesterday's Day 5 ERO. This is where the surface front would more likely get hung up, as both the 00Z ECMWF and GFS show stretched mid-level vort lobes lingering across South TX along a strong NW-SE PW gradient (with PWs remaining between 2-2.25" until very late in the period (late Mon night). At this time, the guidance shows a very compact area of heavier rain (higher deterministic and probabilistic QPF) onshore from the Gulf, basically along the Lower TX Coast and into eastern portions of the Rio Grande Valley. Farther east (Eastern Gulf Coast/Southern GA-North FL), was able to cut back on the Marginal Risk area north and west of Tallahassee, based on the latest guidance trends, including the 3-5" 24hr rainfall probabilities per the GEFS/ECENS/CMC. Given the projected mid/upper level height falls into the Southeast on Day 4 per the latest models (588dm H5 heights through Central FL), feel the surface front and ensuing more stable, drier airmass (strong negative PW advection) behind it will be more progressive than previous forecast expectations. On Day 5 (12Z Tue-12Z Wed) -- Marginal Risk area slips a little farther south into North-Central FL and far southeast GA, where the surface front more than likely will begin to stall and become quasi-stationary. The axis of highest PWs (2-2.5") and mid-level shortwave energy will be draped along and south of the front, as will some (albeit weak) deep-layer instability. Deep west/west- southwesterly flow will enhanced the risk for training cells coming off the eastern Gulf, as all the global ensembles (GEFS/ECENS/CMC) have at least some members noting rainfall exceeding 3-5" within the 24hr period. Hurley Day 1 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt Day 2 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt Day 3 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt $$